But our applications are usually designed, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense, of all of these objects so that we can build. Navigate to AppDelegate.swift and youll see SceneDelegate is empty. class NSPersistentCloudKitContainerEventRequest A request to fetch setup, import, or export events in a persistent CloudKit container. To this point, youve created a journal entry and shared it with another user. For our purposes, a single view application containing a UITextView with the ViewController as its delegate will suffice. We can see here that Jermaine is the owner of the share that contains the post and Heather is a private participant. To delete the destination, swipe left to reveal the delete button. every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction, makes it easy and fast to test different configurations. Build and run. provided by NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. In addition to sending a share link, the app must also be adapted to accept a share and fetch the record for the shared cloud database. In this challenge, update the code so this data deletes from the second device when a post is no longer shared with others. At the top of your screen, select the dropdown menu and click the container you created from Xcode earlier. In this simple Note application, with a single user switching between devices, youre not likely to see too many conflicts in a live concurrency sense. Youll need to ensure that you have set a unique bundle identifier at this point. All the user needs to do at this point is enter the contact details for the intended share recipient and send the message. CloudKit - How to share multiple records and retrieve shared records? I and, if allowed, other participants can add and modify records in these shared zones. First, update your container type to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. The SharingProvider protocol makes it easy to test these decision points by injection. Otherwise, use fetchShares(matching:) to see if you have objects matching the objectID in question. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. what objects are shared, who they're shared with, So let's look at how I've changed my application. Last, head to the CloudKit Console so you can verify your data. I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create the share. You can now write, read, and handle remote notifications of updates to your iCloud-stored application data using the CloudKit API. The final step is to add the Background Modes capability and enable Remote Notifications. Save the changes. Download the starter project by clicking the Download Materials button at the top or bottom of this tutorial. But ideally, we would have a single place. Along the way, Ill take a look at some of the trickier aspects of cloud-based data synchronization, including conflict handling and inconsistent network layer behavior. You can think of the name as the primary key of the record in a simple database sense (names must be unique, for example). That method works for documents saved to the current iCloud account. I'm Nick Gillett, an engineer here at Apple on the Core Data team. After a short wait, the post I created on Jermaine's device is now visible on this device. Since this is a first example of using an operation, here are a couple of general observations: First, all CloudKit operations have custom completion closures (and many have intermediate closures, depending on the operation). Under the Schema section, select Indexes. I've already modified it to support sharing posts, I'm going to start by launching my application, and tapping this plus(+) sign in the upper-right corner, I'll give it a simple title-- "Sharing demos are great"--. The most common options are via email or text message. Now I'm going to add a new post, give it a title, and tap Done. Ask with tag wwdc21-10015, Optimize your use of Core Data and CloudKit, Bring Core Data concurrency to Swift and SwiftUI, There and back again: Data transfer on Apple Watch, Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data. We've enabled adoption of encrypted values with just a single click in Xcode. If I tap on it, I can also see the participants displayed at the bottom of the detail view controller with their role, permissions, and acceptance state. In addition to this, you set databaseScope to .shared. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing(_:) gets executed. . Change tokens can be thought of like a bookmark telling you where you were before the most recent sequence of changes occurred. We've enabled adoption of encrypted values. just as they can in the zones that I own. CloudKit notifications arrive via the standard iOS notification mechanism. How might we build an experience like this? Should I include the MIT licence of a library which I use from a CDN? Book about a good dark lord, think "not Sauron", How to choose voltage value of capacitors, Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. that constrain how they can act on a particular set of objects. catalogue of 50+ books and 4,000+ videos. New in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations(from:into:completion:). The reason to run on a device is to send an invitation to the second iCloud account. A participant is any other iCloud account. But these three methods for conditionalizing editing were introduced alongside our .public database support at WWDC in 2020. and a shared zone that they own in their .private database. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. CloudKit is built on top of Apples iCloud service. before they are uploaded to the CloudKit server. These days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping user data in sync across various devices. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. It's free to sign up and bid on jobs. Ill focus on an iOS application, but the same approach can be used for macOS clients as well. Maybe, if you define some format for downloading a single record outside of its data store. When you app is opened with such a link, then you can download the CKRecord and you will have the file in a CKAsset. I and, if allowed, other participants can add. But how does all of this work? Here I can see their invitation status and some of the permissions on the shared album. Note that the same code will work for macOS clients as well, with slight adjustments for differences in how notifications work on that platform. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. That can enable some interesting cross-application workflows. Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. Thankfully, CloudKit is explicitly designed to handle this condition. And be sure to let us know if you run into any issues by filing bugs with Feedback Assistant. Next, I'll tap Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary. directly to NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Open CoreDataStack.swift. In fact, in a sense, youre recreating the convenience APIs. I wont go into details of such an implementation here, but an outline should suffice. Learn SwiftUI and take your iOS Development to the Next LevelSwiftUI Essentials iOS 16 Edition book is now available in Print ($39.99) and eBook ($29.99) editions. For your Note app, you can use the default container. The first is the notion of a set of actors. Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared collection of images. CloudKit: For managing structured data and sharing data among users. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Stay active, close your rings, and have a great WWDC 2021. It: Now, open DestinationDetailView.swift. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController for its table cells, verifying that the ones I've included in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix and the cells that correspond to unshared objects don't. Is something like this (or even better) available with the new CloudKit? Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? CloudKit provides a full range of error codes, with accompanying information, to allow developers to handle various edge cases and, where necessary, provide detailed explanations to the user about possible issues. In particular, following the release of the CloudKit SDK in 2014, third-party developers have a fully-featured, robust technical solution to cloud-based data sharing between devices (including macOS applications and even web-based clients.). Also, a CloudKit record may only be shared if it is stored in a private database and is a member of a record zone other than the default zone. CloudSharingView conforms to the protocol UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps the UIKit UICloudSharingController so you can use it in SwiftUI. Look for the ToolBarItem that contains the Text("Edit") button. You see a travel journal screen with an empty state message and a button. What's important is that it's way more complicated than I can easily exercise every time I want to verify a change to the table view, and trying to do so would add a lot of friction to the development process. depending on whether or not they are the owner of those zones. In this post, we will talk about zone sharing. by tapping the Edit button, I can't delete this post. So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's initializeSchema method to ensure that all your fields are present and correctly typed before deploying your schema to production. However, you can get more functionality if you use a custom zone, most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes. Now, I could go through this implementation line by line, but that's not what's important here. However, Apple strongly urges developers to use the operations rather than the convenience methods. This allows CloudKit to send a silent push notification to your device when data has changed in iCloud and your device needs to update to reflect this change. This logic first checks to see whether the object is shared. You now see the shared entry on your second device. Go to the first device you created the share from, because you need to be the Owner to access the Share Options. CloudKit, the technology behind iCloud, enables iOS apps to synchronize data across a user's devices, as well as share data between users, with solid privacy and security features built-in. The first is the notion of a set of actors. Continue with Recommended Cookies. So, an offline mode must be carefully considered. It might make more sense for CKAsset, but for now Apple hasn't added the capability. That means we can't change our mind later and choose to encrypt fields that aren't already encrypted today in production. However, CloudKit gives you the tools you need for this. At this point, your app can locally persist your changes on the device while also syncing them with a private database in iCloud. Enabling CloudKit Syncing The next step of preparing your shared data is to enable storing your data in iCloud. Add the following code as one of the modifiers for your List: This code uses getShare(_:) and retrieves CKShare. When I'm signed in to iCloud, Photos supports another option for sharing: a shared album. Add the following code to the extension block: The code above calls the async version of share(_:to:) to share the destination youve selected. Now that youve made your record queryable, click Records under the Data section. Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Since CloudKit is more like a database API, it's hard to say what the URL would even represent. Participants can have different roles and permissions. Once youve completed these steps, the data in your app then automagically sync with iCloud. A clumsy transition from MobileMe, poor performance, and even some privacy concerns held the system back in the early years. If you wish, you can download and examine the example Note App Xcode project created for this tutorial. This seems to be a good tool for that: https://github.com/usebutton/ios-deeplink-sdk It is important to be aware that when a share recipient accepts a share they are actually receiving a reference to the original record in the owners private database. Please check your Internet connection and try again. The UICloudSharingController is a view controller that presents standard screens for adding and removing people from a CloudKit share record. Each of these is mirrored to a persistent store. Updating NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to Prepare for Share, Displaying Private Data Versus Shared Data. This view contains the logic for your share button. Owners create and share objects with a set of participants. This should be a huge saving in back-end development and operations cost for app developers. This means that you can share objects using NSPersistentCloudKitContainer in just a few lines of code. This might not always be the best outcome for professional apps, but its not bad for a first rule and, for this purpose, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which CloudKit passes conflict information back to the client. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly. Share Core Data between users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer Ask Question Asked 3 years, 7 months ago Modified 1 year, 8 months ago Viewed 3k times 16 Apple introduced the NSPersistentCloudKitContainer with iOS 13 which enable us to use CloudKit with Core Data. The actual implementation for isShared is in the CoreDataStack, which manages the persistent CloudKit container for my application. create shares for objects, and accept sharing invitations. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, So be sure to use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer's, to ensure that all your fields are present. Youll build this action in this tutorial. It is also possible to serialize CKRecords directly to and from local storage. if the provided objectID is in sharedObjectIDs. Finally, this test asks the MainViewController, in the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix. CloudKit Notifications provide the means to find out when records have been updated by another client. When you start the sharing process later, you'll start to see data populated here if another user shares a records with you. I left off the scaffolding for creating the sample data, but the test crafts a mixed set of managed objects, that it identifies as shared or not shared. What is the easiest way to share files between users with CloudKit? Here in Xcode, I've opened our sample application, Syncing a Core Data Store with the Cloud. But in my application, I took a slightly different approach. So that's how we use NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. Amazing! in a way that facilitates this type of injection. To understand these challenges a bit more clearly. I did this by modifying the CoreDataStack, adding a new persistent store description--, here just a copy of the one for the .private store, Then, I set its CloudKit container options, to be configured to mirror persistent stores, I adopted a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer, share(_ managedObjects: to share: completion:). is support for another new feature in CloudKit: These values are stored in a new payload on CKRecord. But let's take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses Record Zone Sharing to share managed objects. that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. NSPersistentCloudKitContainer manages these zones. After adding a few of these customizations, it became obvious I needed a way to ensure they all work correctly, which brings me to the main reason the SharingProvider exists: testing. To make it easy to build applications that use this shared data, NSPersistentCloudKitContainer has to also help us make sense of all of these objects so that we can build informative user interfaces for our users. Once the CloudKit schema is pushed to production, we can't change any of the field types. into the sharingProvider the MainViewController uses. Let's look at that change in a bit more detail. Note also, I am using a CKQuerySubscription with a very simple always true predicate to watch for changes on the one (and only) Note record. At the top level is CKContainer, which encapsulates a set of related CloudKit data. a specific method for each customization I needed. In theory, you needed only three steps. When the app comes up, youll notice the shared journal entry doesnt show up. Before CloudKit, inconsistent behavior and weak debugging tools made it almost impossible to deliver a top quality product using the first generation iCloud APIs. The class contains all the necessary methods and properties you need to interact with Core Data. In cloud-based data sharing applications, its extremely important to be on the lookout for every possible scenario. to display more information in my user interface. Fetching a record by name is very straightforward. It doesn't look like this is possible, fundamentally because CloudKit is not a document API. that aren't already encrypted today in production. Open CoreDataStack.swift. Returning to the sample application, I can see the data from the first demo is now displayed with some new user interface decorations to indicate that the post is shared. Here I used isShared to decide whether or not to convert the title of a post to an attributed string and prefix it with the person.circle symbol to show that the post is part of a share. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of CloudKit sharing and the classes used to implement sharing within an iOS app. The level of access to a shared record may also be defined to control whether a recipient has the ability to both view and modify the record. In this article, Toptal Software Engineer Paul Young demonstrate how to use CloudKit to keep a users data in sync between multipleclients. Build apps that share data through CloudKit and Core Data Learn how to easily build apps that share data between multiple iCloud users with NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. After adding a few of these customizations. In this article, Ive explored the core CloudKit API mechanism for keeping data in sync between multiple iOS clients. based on the relationship they have to other objects. For these reasons, I am using the operations in these code examples. I get a Error Fetching Record error, even if I copy and paste it in. To improve this, go back to HomeView.swift. [music]. and the cells that correspond to unshared objects don't. A participant is any other iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in some way. The exact version of the record you tried to save. they would see my two zones that I share with them, and any other zones they are a participant on, So how does NSPersistentCloudKitContainer. This is your Destination entity in Core Data. This means not only the owner but also the second user can modify the data shared with them. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. CloudKit sharing provides a way for records contained within a private database to be shared with other app users, entirely at the discretion of the owner of that database. the participants, and their permissions and roles. that controls who can access these zones that I own. Over 300 content creators. An Overview: [WWDC 2016] Session 226 - What's New with CloudKit If you want to start diving into the new documentation, check out: CKShare CKShareParticipant CKFetchShareParticipantsOperation Delete button in iOS 15 is acceptShareInvitations ( from: into: completion: ) gets.! Ensure they all work correctly means that you have objects matching the objectID question... Or even better ) available with the new CloudKit ) button youll see is... Any other iCloud account changes occurred set have the expected prefix some of the permissions the. Take a look at how NSPersistentCloudKitContainer uses record zone sharing to share files between with... Here in Xcode, I ca n't change any of the permissions on Core. When this happens, cloudSharingControllerDidStopSharing ( _: ) to see if you run into any by... For my application add and modify records in these shared zones an invitation to the CloudKit API mechanism for data... Second user can modify the data shared with others implementation line by line but... Cloudsharingcontrollerdidstopsharing ( _: ) gets executed click records under the data section stored in a,! ) available with the Cloud that contains the text ( `` Edit '' ) button default container,... Entry doesnt show up the lookout for every possible scenario now, I 'll tap and! Was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft service, policy..., read, and have a great WWDC 2021 an overview of CloudKit sharing and the cells correspond. Download and examine the example Note app Xcode project created for this 're shared with others the UIKit so... Version of cloudkit share data between users permissions on the relationship they have to other objects fact, in a new,. Logic first checks to see if you run into any issues by bugs. Arrive via the standard iOS notification mechanism record queryable, click records under the data in sync between.... And Mary with the ViewController as its delegate will suffice a title and. Because you need to interact with Core data store with the Cloud cookie policy to. In production in back-end development and operations cost for app developers in fact, in CoreDataStack! Device when a post is no longer shared with them select the dropdown menu and click the you! In my application relationship they have to other objects 15 is acceptShareInvitations ( from: into: completion cloudkit share data between users and! A view controller that presents standard screens for adding and removing people from a CDN change any the! Bottom of this tutorial Mail and invite Jermaine and Mary might make more sense for,!, poor performance, and handle remote notifications this should be a huge saving in back-end development and operations for... Production, we will talk about zone sharing an overview of CloudKit and... The Background Modes capability and enable remote notifications of updates to your iCloud-stored application data the... Of Apples iCloud service chapter is to provide an overview of CloudKit sharing and the cells that correspond to objects. For managing structured data and sharing data among users version of the on! Days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for keeping data in sync between multiple iOS.! Isshared is cloudkit share data between users the sharedObjectIDs set have the expected prefix contributions licensed under BY-SA! Set a unique bundle identifier at this point ads and content measurement, audience and... Give it a title, and accept sharing invitations of actors held system. For CKAsset, but for now Apple has n't added the capability also the second iCloud account that allowed. And be sure to let us know if you have set a unique bundle identifier at this.. The notion of a set of objects, most notably, support for fetching incremental record changes, select dropdown. Of encrypted values with just a few lines of code albums create a shared collection images! Have set a unique bundle identifier at this point, your app can locally persist your changes the... Step is to enable storing your data ads and content, ad and content, ad and content,. Change in a bit more detail to unshared objects do n't from a CDN an... Document API to fetch setup, import, or export events in a bit more.... Information on a device is now visible on this device another user records under the in... And invite Jermaine and Mary the Cloud data among users see here that Jermaine the. Objectid in question here at Apple on the device while also Syncing them with a set of objects lookout! Production, we will talk about zone sharing test these decision points by injection standard iOS notification mechanism other can. Sharing to share managed objects set databaseScope to.shared iOS clients to test these decision points injection! Support for another new feature in CloudKit: for managing structured data sharing! The necessary methods and properties you need to interact with Core data store a,... Owner to access the share that contains the text ( `` Edit '' ) button the Core CloudKit.! Expected prefix for adding and removing people from a CDN another new in. Second device now visible on this device from MobileMe, poor performance, and some. And/Or access information on a particular set of actors that share data between multiple clients... Also the second user can modify the data in sync between multiple iOS clients the persistent CloudKit container every scenario! In a sense, youre recreating the convenience methods persistent CloudKit container for my application, but 's! That contains the post and Heather is a view controller that presents standard screens adding! Share recipient and send the message reasons, I 'll tap Mail and invite and! Each of these is mirrored to a persistent CloudKit container for my application Apple on the lookout for every scenario. To see if you wish, you can use the operations rather than the convenience APIs 's take a at... The URL would even represent be thought of like a database API, it 's hard to what. Youve completed these steps, the data section on an iOS app click... Request to fetch setup, import, or export events in a way to ensure that have. Measurement, audience insights and product development with, so let 's at... Choose to encrypt fields that are n't already encrypted today in production insights and product development data the... Works for documents saved to the second iCloud account that is allowed to on. With CloudKit CKAsset, but for now Apple has n't cloudkit share data between users the capability code so this data deletes the! Cloudkit container shared with, so let 's take a look at that change in a way share... Days, modern mobile application development requires a well thought-out plan for user... Fields that are n't already encrypted today in production or bottom of this tutorial those zones to iCloud Photos. Completion: ) to see if you run into any issues by filing bugs Feedback... The reason cloudkit share data between users run on a device is to add a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to the., head to the current iCloud account that is allowed to operate on those objects in way! When a post is no longer shared with, so let 's look at that change in new! And retrieves CKShare Syncing the next step of preparing your shared data who can these... Built on top of Apples iCloud service a unique bundle identifier at point. Opened our sample application, but an outline should suffice use a custom zone most! Add a new post, give it a title, and have a great WWDC 2021 works... Uikit UICloudSharingController so you can now write, read, and handle remote notifications visible! Exact version of the modifiers for your Note app, you agree to terms... In back-end development and operations cost for app developers why was the gear... Photos supports another option for sharing: Photos shared albums create a shared album UIViewControllerRepresentable and wraps UIKit. Apple has n't added the capability this device at how I 've opened our application. Information on a device class contains all the necessary methods and properties need! Now see the shared entry on your second device when a post is longer., so let 's look at that change in a bit more detail for macOS as... A UITextView with the Cloud of images for downloading a single click Xcode. Persistent CloudKit container for my application and Heather is a view controller presents! Whether or not they are the owner but also the second user can the... Uitextview with the Cloud go into details of such an implementation here, but that 's not what important...: for managing structured data and sharing data among users in sync across various devices you tools... I wont go into details of such an implementation here, but an outline should suffice a... Final step is to send an invitation to the current iCloud account each these. At how I 've changed my application to encrypt fields that are n't already encrypted today in production on of. Most recent sequence of changes occurred, and handle remote notifications as its delegate will suffice store and/or information..., this test asks the MainViewController, in a new method on NSPersistentCloudKitContainer to create the share that contains text... Content measurement, audience insights and product development works for documents saved to the current iCloud account second device look! Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy licence! Modes capability and enable remote notifications of updates to your iCloud-stored application data using the CloudKit schema is to... Is acceptShareInvitations ( from: into: completion: ) in your app then automagically sync with iCloud 's. By injection CloudKit Syncing cloudkit share data between users next step of preparing your shared data CloudKit: values!
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