Survivors of the massacre claim the police shot prisoners who were in the process of surrendering. The HMS Hell as it became known, was seen as a powerful symbol of British tyranny by the Patriots. Digital Library. our Subscriber Agreement and by copyright law. [13] Although not entirely certain, his death was likely the result of his role in the massacre. In 1918, Roy Chapman Andrews visited Urga, Mongolia, and visited the towns jail. The Monte Cristo prison riot was believed to have been organized by PCC. This was a tragedy foretold. During the war, the British troops that occupied New York used decommissioned warships to hold prisoners. The prisons death certificate was signed and it was demolished in 2002. The Guatemala prison riots involved coordinated riots in seven prisons including Pavon, El Hoyon, and Granja Pino Canada. The Carandiru massacre (Portuguese: Massacre do Carandiru, Portuguese:[msaki du kdiu]) occurred on Friday, 2 October 1992, in Carandiru Penitentiary in So Paulo, Brazil, when military police stormed the penitentiary following a prison riot. movie "Carandigu, directed by Hector Babeco. Pitesti earned its place in history as a brutal prison due to the re-education experiments conducted there from December 1949 to September 1951. His tale became publicized worldwide, and was later adapted into critically acclaimed The result has been the emergence of an alternative society based on privileges and staff corruption. And it certainly isn't the first prison riot to end in death and tragedy. They rarely can afford a public defender, if one is available at all. The crisis ended after an intervention by both police and the military leading to the rescue of 10 hostages. The first inmates arrived in 1956 and very quickly, overcrowding became a serious issue. On the day delegates visited the Cadeia Pblica Raimundo Vidal Pessoa which the authorities have recommended for closure on numerous occasions 900 detainees were held in the mens wing which was designed to hold 104 people and there were 208 women detained in cells designed to accommodate 35. Due to the harsh conditions, riots were common, most notoriously the 1992 riot. 10. According to Joseph Jones, one of the most prominent experts on infectious diseases at the time, one of the main causes of death was scorbutic dysentery; also known as bloody diarrhea caused by lack of vitamin C. The decline of prisoner exchanges also contributed to the high mortality rate. Prisons in Brazil have notorious reputations. Later that day they learned it had been the last day of her fathers life. Another reason why Brazils state prisons experience brutal riots so often isinter-factional violence between drug trafficking organizations. There is a small piece of the prison open today, but it operates as a museum. It was signed by the inmates of Andersonville and was a request to bring back the prisoner exchange system to alleviate the overcrowding. Built by the Samuel das Neves to meet all the demands of the 1890 criminal code, this prison became so In rooms shared by up to 15 people, they implement rota systems and divide the tiny cells up by hanging sheets. One way to do this is by incentivizing federal and state-level judges, prosecutors and public defenders to resolve outstanding cases and penalizing those who do not. Carandiru Penitentiary Hence, the killers of the 102 inmates were never brought to justice. It was built in February 1864 specifically for the purpose of housing Union soldiers. Around 1:30 P.M., two groups got into a fight after a game of football; the fight quickly escalated into a prison riot that lasted three hours. The main causes of death were diseases such as smallpox and dysentery, as well as torture and starvation. When prison riots break out, as they frequently do, under-resourced and under-staffed authorities can do little more thancontain the violence, intervening only after the worst of it is over. The first political prisoners entered the jail in 1942, and it quickly developed a reputation for bizarre methods of torture. Indeed, since 2018, close to 9,000 prison spaces were built in the country but the number of new inmates jumped by more than 17,800 over the same period. To this day, Ms. da Silva says she and her lawyer havent been able to find out why her father was in Carandiru prison in the first place. Relatives of those killed and human rights activists have both demanded and appealed for justice. What measures are the national authorities taking to stop prison violence? However, almost 1,000 people died per month due to malnutrition, poor sanitation, disease, and overcrowding. Dr Varella explained how it is sociably acceptable for a macho prisoner to "marry" a transvestite prisoner and keep "her" domesticated in his cell, if he can afford to keep "her" well. overcrowded at the end of the 20th century that inmates managed to live by their rules, overpowering small amount of guards that worked there. 13, 2000)", "The stories and horrors in Brazil's penal system", "Outrage: 24 Years Later, Carandiru Prison Massacre of 111 is Called Self Defense", "Police officers get 156 years for 1992 Brazilian prison massacre", "Carandiru Massacre's Defining Moment for Brazil - Fair Observer", "Brazil's prison massacres are a frightening window into gang warfare", "Brazil police jailed for prison 'massacre', "Brazil police sentenced over Carandiru jail massacre", "Brazil Carandiru jail massacre police guilty", "15 police guilty in Brazil prison killings", "UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS, Office of the High Commissioner South America", "16 Brazil declares trial on Carandiru massacre null in shocking blow for justice", "Appeal begins in Brazil against acquittal of 74 police", "Opinion | Brazil's Deadly Prison System", "Sepultura's 'Chaos A.D.' Is the Anti-Colonial Rallying Cry that Thrash has Always Needed", Federal Correctional Institution, Talladega riot, Arizona State Prison Complex Lewis riot, United States Penitentiary, Florence riot, Agricultural Penitentiary of Monte Cristo riot, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carandiru_massacre&oldid=1140965457, People shot dead by law enforcement officers in Brazil, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles needing additional references from September 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The massacre is the subject of the song "Manifest" on the, This page was last edited on 22 February 2023, at 17:49. "Brazil differs from other countries in that here there is a very significant degree of control by the prisoners themselves," said James Cavallaro, of the human rights monitor Global Justice. Prisoners had to renounce their entire belief system. The FTIP will focus on coordinating security, surveillance and custodial duties, as well as logistical and supervisory support for the authorities. The prison was surrounded by 15-foot high sharpened timbers, and the captives were given food via a 6-inch hole in the box. And much greater investment is needed to rehabilitate inmates, especially first-time non-violent offenders. Another contentious proposal calls for increasing civilian and police discretion in the use of lethal force for self-defense. It is not unusual for a detainee to starve to death. In the Mongolian capital, Ulaanbaatar, up to two-thirds of detainees accused of crimes were imprisoned without any court authorization. After several mistrials, he was released to freedom only to be assassinated in Toptenz. A prison riot could also be described as an uprising or rebellion, usually staged by prisoners against prison personnel. After the riot spread across the prison, The two hour long prison riot took place on March 4, 2009 in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. In recent years, it hasdeployed the armed forcesto end hostage situations and occupy prisons. During the day, all prisoners can circulate more or less freely within each pavilion provided they are not part of the 10% imprisoned in the prisoners' own prison (called the Yellow, the colour of these inmates' skin since they rarely see sunlight). Open Democracy Romanias History Wars: On The Sufferings Of Fascist Saints, Insight Crime From Black Serpents to PCC: A Brazil Gang Myth Turned Nightmare, Insight Crime So Paulo, Paraguay and Beyond: The PCCs Growing Power, The Guardian Inside Worlds Most Bizarre Prison, Amnesty Brazil: Carandiru Massacre Trial Must End Long Legacy Of Impunity, Haaretz Archaeologists Reveal Secrets of Roman Prison That Held Both Christian Saints and Jewish Rebels, Ancient Origins The Infamous Mamertine Prison and the Supposed Incarceration of Saint Peter, College de France Lectures A Dispatch From Rome: The Mamertine Prison, History Things The HMS Jersey: Gruesome Revolutionary Prison Ship, Smithsonian Magazine The Grisly History of Brooklyns Revolutionary War Martyrs, Abandoned Spaces The infamous Ha L Prison: Jokingly dubbed Hanoi Hilton. These boxes were supposedly for people awaiting execution, but a high percentage of them died in their ready-made coffins. RIO DE JANEIRO Brazil has struggled to contain prison violence for decades. As soon as they arrive, prisoners are made to "rent" the cells they live in and must bargain favours to improve their living conditions. Depiction of interior of HMS Jersey. The Carandiru massacre shocked Brazilians and exposed the awful conditions in Brazilian prisons. for his life and health), and majority of inmates was suffering from HIV and other types of easily transmissible diseases. The riot was started by prisoners in May 2001 at a prison in Iquique, 1800 km north of Santiago. his 12 year long tenure as volunteer physician (1989 to 2001). Carandiru Penitentiary, officially So Paulo House of Detention ( Portuguese: Casa de Deteno de So Paulo) was a prison located in So Paulo, Brazil. [22][23] The court judged that the massacre was an act of self-defense and that there was a lack of evidence to link the individual officers to the individual killings. Carandiru being demolished in 2002. Credit: PA. On October 2, 1992, prison riots at Carandiru Penitentiary in Sao Paulo, Brazil, led to more than 300 military policemen killing 111 inmates and wounding 35. During this riot, 33 prisoners lost their lives. Chain of command responsibilityWithin days of the Carandiru massacre, an Amnesty International team visited the prison to gather evidence that was used to compile a unique record of what had occurred in each of the cells in Block 9. What is the governments position on mass incarceration? At the end of the war in 1783, there were only 1,400 survivors amongst the entire fleet of prison ships. On October 2, 1992, Carandiru Prison in Sao Paulo, Brazil became the site of a gruesome massacre. Congress also recently passed a bill that increases penalties for drug traffickers and requires users to be treated by private and religious rehabilitation services. Conditions were so bad that it earned the nickname, HMS Hell. As for drug policy more generally, there are few signs of any meaningful reform on the horizon. [21] The inmates are "perhaps some of the most dangerous people in the country." Cruzeiro do Sul and Corredor Norte-Sul. Carandiru Penitentiary. Last July 114 Carandiru inmates married their girlfriends in a mass wedding ceremony organised by an evangelical church. Eventually in October 1992, a prisoner revolt at the inhumane conditions started the mother of all prison riots. It broke out when several rival gangs namely Los Mexicles, Artistas Asesinos, and Barrio Azteca got into a fight. At the time, Carandiru was . Most Brazilian states have suffered from prison violence over the last 10 years. During the peak of its use, this prison housed over 8000 prisoners, with only 1000 prison officers trying unsuccessfully to control them. Out of the 45,000 people imprisoned there during the war, up to 13,000 died. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy The vigil and pleas for justice led to several trials for the officers involved in the massacre that same year. [1] The prison was designed and built by Samuel das Neves in 1920, when it was considered a model-prison to meet the new demands of the 1890 criminal code. Muggah is the co-founder of the Igarap Institute and the SecDev Group and Foundation. The government will not diminish prison violence by imposing iron-fisted laws or building new prisons. The American pilots captured and placed in the prison were usually in bad shape by the time they arrived, and things got worse for them very quickly. By contrast, less-educated detainees including non-violent and first-time drug offenders are crammed into tiny cells cheek by jowl with violent criminals. How will national anti-crime measures affect prison populations? This includes transferring the most violent inmates (including those involved in recent riots in Altamira) from state to federal facilities. times more likely to be infected with H.I.V. First, Moro called an emergency meeting announcing both the transfer of prisoners and the ramping-up of military presence near high-risk penitentiaries. Making matters worse, there are very few services available for those who make it out. In Tef, prisoners complained that the septic tank flooded and filled their cell with noxious waste. But evidence uncovered later suggested that the military police had shot prisoners and that after the massacre they destroyed evidence which could have determined individual responsibility for the killings. It was as a result of a prison riot which broke out at Carandiru Penitentiary in So Paulo, Brazil. Some of the 26 jail-mates massacred were beheadings. It was built in 1890 and became so overcrowded in the 20th century that the prisoners created their own rules and took over command from the small number of guards who were employed there, according to Prison History. La Sante Prison. pilot wave theory experiment; how to use lifetime fitness lockers; why is carandiru penitentiary dangerous Carandiru Penitentiary in Brazil, South America is arguably the most violent and deadly prison in the world. Rather than trying to negotiate, the police opened fire, and a bloodbath ensued. Fixing Brazils dysfunctional prison system is a complex challenge, tied to the social fabric of the country itself. This prison was built in Sao Paolo in 1920 and was specifically designed to meet new criminal code regulations in Brazil. Fernanda Vicentina da Silva, holding her daughter Sara, lost her father in the so-called CarandiruMassacre 24 years ago. It was operational from 1956 to 2002 and, at its peak, was South America's largest penitentiary, housing over 8,000 inmates. Heres a look at the root causes of Brazils prison violence, how the current government is approaching the problem, and what can be done to turn the tide. Read on for 42 chilling facts about the famous prison. Known locally as Casa de Deteno House of Detention Carandiru Prison in Brazils capital So Paulo was designed and built by Samuel das Neves in 1920 and at the time, it was a state-of-the-art correctional facility that more than met the demands of Brazils 1890 Criminal Code. They began loading prisoners onto ships in Wallabout Bay, and the HMS Jersey was the worst of the loss. State and municipal authorities must also assume a greater responsibility when it comes to taking back control of their prisons and improving conditions within them. Prisoners took several thousand hostages on Sunday to protest about the transfer of five prisoners last week. They are not allowed to rest or even sit during the day and they are highly secured and blindfolded if they must be transported somewhere else. The museum is housed in a former prison complex in Carandiru. These conditions have contributed to health problems among prison staff. Brooke, James. The conjugal visits have greatly reduced violence within the jail and virtually eliminated sexual violence bewteen prisoners, of whom about 15% are HIV-positive. The National Commission on Justice has also launched a new project Justia Presente to improve record keeping and reduce recidivism. The first American POW to be housed in the Hoa Lo was Everett Alvarez Jr. in August 1964. The result is that the majority of those people incarcerated in Brazil today havevirtually nothingto do with their time while in prison, and are unprepared to reintegrate into society when they leave. Take the case of the prison facility in Altamira, where this weeks massacre ofoccurred: it had343 detainees crammed into a space designed for just 163. 111 Killed When Police Storm Brazilian Prison During Inmate Riot. The New York Times. There is also a movie on its name where the detailed documentary is concise. 4. An underlying assumption of the national and state authorities is that a tough on crime criminal justice and penal posture will deter future crime. Andersonville was closed at the end of the Civil War, and Wirz was tried and convicted of murder in violation of the laws of war and other crimes. "Our prisons were built to annihilate, torture and kill.". Built to fit 3,500 prisoners, its population soared to 7,300 and this earned it the nickname of 'the Powder Keg'. The most lethal episode of prison violence in Brazil occurred in 1992 when 111 inmates were killed during a riot in the Carandiru prison . [10] He was in charge of the special police unit ROTA that is known for having an aggressive approach to civil disturbance. Rival gangs have divided up the facilities and actively recruit new members in exchange for protection and welfare support for their families. But for the most part these interventions have been sporadic, and have done very little to curb the problem. The stages of re-education involved psychological and physical torture. A judicial panel in Brazil last week threw out the convictions of 74 military police previously sentenced for murdering 111 inmates at So Paulo's notorious Carandiru Penitentiary, on grounds . Following a series of prison riots thatkilled over120peoplein January 2017, the administration of then-President Michel Temer requested that the military intervene and conduct spot searches for firearms, knives, mobile phones, drugs and other contraband. Religious prisoners had to eat feces as Holy Communion and inmates were forced to urine, defecate and spit into the mouths of other prisoners. 2023 - Prison History | Privacy Policy | Contact. The prison was built to house the growing number of POWs around Richmond. On that fateful day, an argument between a guard and an inmate led to an outbreak of violence in the cells. The first stage, known as external unmasking involved the use of torture to interrogate inmates. It was common for the ship to hold over 1,000 prisoners and approximately one dozen died every day. The same prison also suffered from riots that killed eight inmates in September 2018. At its peak, Carandiru held approximately 8,000 inmates with only 1,000 prison guards. The prison is used to hold suspects of weapons, drugs, rape, and assault charges as they await trial. One of the most controversial is a proposal that stiffens sentences for drug-related offences. The inmates later accepted $8 million settlement for the case filed against the prison and state officials for violation of Human Rights. demolishing of the prison. 1. Overall, 111 people died; the police were responsible for 102 deaths while 9 inmates were stabbed to death by rivals before the military intervention. Today the Parque da Juventude complex is located on the site of the former penitentiary. James Cavallaro said the stakes appeared to be rising in the prisoners' conflict with the authorities. In some prisons in Amazonas state, toilets are simply holes in the ground shared by up to 10 or 15 cell mates. The president campaigned with a pledge to crack down on violent crime using thefamiliar refrainthat a good criminal is a dead criminal. He vowed to stuff prison cells with criminals and said hed rather have a prison cell full of criminals than a cemetery full of innocent people. He has repeated these kinds of statements several times since being elected, calling for more repressive policing, stiffer sentencing and separating gang leaders from the rank-and-file. [2] The conflict consisted of 2,069 prisoners against 15 guards, resulting in the guards quickly losing control of the prisoners. It is also the most violent since the1992massacreof 111 inmates in So Paulos Carandiru prison a riot that spawned the countrys most powerful drug trafficking organization, the First Capital Command (PCC). Twenty-six police officers have gone on trial in Brazil for the killing of 15 inmates in one of the countrys most infamous prisons two decades ago. With disease, overcrowding and gang violence, no one wants to end up in such a place. [19] In August 2013, another 25 policemen involved in the massacre were sentenced to 624 years each for the deaths of 52 inmates. The prison is still functional, despite demands for its closure. The Santa Ana Prison riot took place in December 2007 at the Apanteos jail which is 66 km from San Salvador. This military prison facility at Camp Sumter is better known as Andersonville, and it was the largest Confederate prison during the Civil War. The temperatures in Urga drop below zero in winter, so it was common for inmates to freeze to death. There was also an iron door which was opened when the Romans wanted to toss dead bodies into the River Tiber. Furthermore, the 89 inmates who had been injured received substandard treatment. The ratio of prisoners to guards meant the situation got out of control and the military police stormed the prison after the inmates had rioted for three hours. Filling Brazilian jails is not only costly and demonstrably ineffective at reducing violence, it is strengthening the hand of organized crime. [9] Medieval prison systemThe state of Brazils prisons is so dire that even the countrys Minister of Justice, Jos Eduardo Cardozo, remarked in November of 2012: We have a medieval prison system, which not only violates human rights, it does not allow for the most important element of a penal sanction, which is social reintegration.. Carandiru Prison has stood for 80 years, and it has experienced a steady increase in violence since its inception. Prison riots can be very dangerous and have led to the deaths of numerous people. The El Porvenir Prison riot occurred in April 6, 2003. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. . The North Vietnamese Army used the prison as one of its main sites for interrogating and torturing captured servicemen. Only 22 officers were injured during the incident, which led many to believe they enforced unjust violence. The inmates the guards oversaw were among the state's most dangerous felons - at least 300 of whom had severe psychological disorders. As of 2014, 73 of those policemen had been sentenced to life imprisonment for murder. In Carandiru, where 7,200 men live in space designed for a third that amount, there is only one guard for every 100 prisoners. Eyewitnesses claim many inmates were shot whilst hiding or attempting to surrender. The British captured tens of thousands of people, and soon, space ran out in their land-based jails. Another direct result of the riot and the handling of the riot was the unification of prisoners. Estao Carandiru is a 1999 novel-memoir by Brazilian physician and AIDS specialist Drauzio Varella. Pitesti Prison was a penal facility in Communist Romania that was built in the late 1930s. You could only access the lower cell via a hole in the upper cells floor. The Carandiru massacre occurred on Friday, October 2, 1992. Four months later, another 25 police were sentenced to prison time, and in April 2014, another 15 police were found guilty of murder. Alcacuz prison had previously been the scene of violent gang fights. inside the walls were truly horrific - gags ruled every inch of the prison blocks, malnutrition was commonplace, diseases and injuries were treated by Top 10 Most Violent Prisons in the World. ", Built in 1892 and meant to hold about 2,000 inmates, this prison now houses more than 10,000. The prosecution's main witness was the former deputy . Zaki Narchi, Av. . The living condition in Carandiru was horrendous. In 2008, a child was given a 7-year sentence for the heinous crime of stealing a box of chocolates and a bottle of wine. History of Carandiru Prison Museum. It was as a result of a prison riot which broke out at Carandiru Penitentiary in So Paulo, Brazil. What he encountered became the stuff of legend. Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 6 Secret Historic Gardens in the United Kingdom, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, War of The Worlds: The Most Infamous Radio Broadcast in History, The King Revealed: 10 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley, 10 Facts About American Poet Robert Frost, What It Was Like to Be a Part of the Dambusters Raid, Douglas Haig: The Most Hated Man in Modern British History? The 21,000-piece collection includes detailed paintings, sculptures and furniture made by prisoners in creative workshops as well as objects that help to reassemble the daily lives of the prisoners including rudimental tattoo machines and makeshift weapons. In 1992, a huge riot took place with the prisoners (some 8000) taking full control of the prison, in a attempt to take over the prison the police/army invaded the complex leading to the Carandiru Massacre. [8] In 2013, hundreds of people attended a multi-faith vigil in So Paulo in memoriam of those killed in the massacre. What's particularly shocking about the Chile fire, the worst in its prison history, was the fact the victims were all serving five years or less for crimes such as DVD piracy. It took police officers, firefighters, and prison guards three hours to contain the situation. This will require dramatically reducing the number of inmates who are experiencing pre-trial detention. San Quentin State Prison, maximum-security correctional facility for men located in San Quentin, near San Francisco, California. Most of the inmates who died had been brutally murdered by the rioters. Today, the Paulista Penitentiary Museum in the north of the city occupies the one remaining cell block and it aims to preserve the prisons documents that tell the story of one of the worlds most brutal prisons. Although the UN urged Brazil to bring justice to those most affected by the slaughter in September 2016, the court declared the trial on Carandiru massacre null. Many inmates have turned to rap since it needs no instruments and is useful in channelling aggression. A further nine prisoners were allegedly killed by fellow inmates in one of modern Brazils darkest hours. Carandiru Penitentiary. (Lockdown: inside Brazil's most dangerous prison), This time the spark was the Capital's First Command. Few prisoners have any access to employment, for example. The newNational Drug Policywas drafted by conservative lawmakers and published in April 2019. [16] The group is believed to be responsible for the death of Jos Ismael Pedrosa, the director of the prison at the time. The Carandiru massacre ( Portuguese: Massacre do Carandiru, Portuguese: [msaki du kdiu]) occurred on Friday, 2 October 1992, in Carandiru Penitentiary in So Paulo, Brazil, when military police stormed the penitentiary following a prison riot. At its peak, there were over 8,000 prisoners at Carandiru (with only 1,000 guards for company) and inevitably, gangs seized control of the cell blocks. The hostages were members of a Protestant group called the Joyful Assembly of God. More recently, during a visit to the Amazonas state in north-western Brazil, Amnesty Internationals delegates witnessed a catalogue of prison abuses and saw inmates in foetid, overcrowded, insecure cells. Not only did they imprison revolutionaries, they even punished people who refused to swear the Oath of Allegiance to the British Crown. In these penitentiaries, inmates have access to games rooms and even enjoy a nice comfortable cell. ACNJreportpublished the same day asthe Altamira killings described conditions in the prison as terrible, observing that it had just 33 guards and woefully inadequate cell space. This part of the Mamertine was designed for the criminals set to be executed whereas the upper part was for torture. Up to 14 share cells designed for one and the daily food budget is just 14p per inmate. The proposal, combined with thedramatic deregulation of firearms legislation, is potentially dangerous in a country as polarized as Brazil. Carandiru Penitentiary is undoubtedly the worst prison in recent history, home to one of the most substantial human rights violations ever in Brazil. There are multiple reasons why Brazil is home to the most violent prisons in the world. They set alight to a mattress barricade put up by a rival gang in their cell. It occurred in August 2005, and was stirred up by attacks of the Mara Salvatrucha gang against the MS-18 gang. Top 10 Alcohol Consuming Countries In The World, The Biggest Heists and Bank Robberies in American History. Willis, G. D. (2002). The Lower Chamber of the Mamertine. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com, Worst Storms of All Time - The Ground Blizzard of 1977. Why cant the state prevent prison violence? What Is The Difference Between Catholic And Christian? Of the dozens of groups within the jail, at least two - the Rap Prisoners and 509-E - have record contracts. Torture methods such as lengthy solitary confinement, beatings, irons and rope bindings were used in contravention of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949. The Carandiru massacre is a reflection of the deep problems of Brazils prison system, said Atila Roque, Director of Amnesty Internationals Brazil Office.
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