the local constituents tend to care about things that affect them. In what ways might the patronage system be made more efficient? Likewise, in the absence of a rise in the national minimum wage, states and even cities have had the flexibility to raise wages on their own. So, federally funded programs such as welfare and Medicare/Medicaid will be funneled through state offices, with the states and the federal government sharing funding responsibility. When using judicial restraint, a judge will usually ________. Explain." American Government Exam 3 Free-Response Simp, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry. It can protect homeowners home values, because youre going to have a harder time selling your home if somebody builds a Wal-Mart or other large store around the corner. A unitary government is the most common form of governing found on our planet today. When answering this question, there are three levels of government to focus on: local, state, and federal government. defer to the decisions of the elected branches of government. When the Constitution of the United States was being drafted, there was a debate as to where power would reside in government. The judicial branch is more powerful because:1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Texas's judicial selection process? There were 73,139,000 shares outstanding at the end of 2012. As a result the government must be close to the people. The advantage of the unitary government is that this confusion disappears. Reference. The process of redistricting can present problems for congressional representation because _______. So, like all levels of government, they are by no means perfect. Explain. \text{Total}&1,50&146&296 In Connecticut and Rhode Island, there are counties, but no county governments. Sub-national governments manage local affairs on behalf of national governments. Explain. Short Answer (2 Points) The existence of the dual court system is an unnecessary duplication to some but beneficial to others. Many cities engage in zoning, laws by which rules are set about what can be built where. Counties play a big role in local government in some states and less so in others, providing services and serving as regional governments in larger metropolitan areas. 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? The decision-making process of a unitary government may be fast, but the design of their resources means that the response can be very slow. Councillors and officers have an understanding of the local area and can tailor policies to that area. 4. 2. a. Senate approval is needed for the appointment of justices and federal judges. When we take a look back through the stories of history, the pages are quick to show that when power is held by only a few or just one, then it is abused far too easily. Because you are not contending with multiple layers of bureaucracy under the unitary style, there are fewer administrative costs to manage with this centralized government. (2022, September 28). Explain. You may explore the judicial branch at all levels, also. The 50 U.S. states are in some ways like 50 mini-republics, each with its own executive, legislative and judicial branches. 1. Explain three benefits and three drawbacks of Federalism. Citizens can be overwhelmed with how to get the help they need with many levels of government. Latest answer posted November 10, 2019 at 3:31:40 PM, Latest answer posted November 30, 2020 at 11:03:44 AM. Latest answer posted November 14, 2019 at 7:38:41 PM. Which of the following is an example of an executive agreement? This process artificially shapes what happens in society because blogs, social media, and even face-to-face conversations might be monitored to see if something harmful to the government is said. There can also be inequality between states and municipalities where wealth or certain liberties are available in one place but not the other. Governments in which power is lent to subnational governments, as opposed to federal governments, in which power is shared between the two levels. districts are often drawn to benefit partisan groups. What are some good storiesand films on the concept of karma?, Does Africa produce more copper or diamonds, Which of these is not a characteristic of a federal form of government, HELPPP PLSS Which condition below is favorable for entrepreneurs? However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed. The only difference is how communities are able to access this resource. The governor is the chief executive, although states often have separately elected statewide officials such as the state attorney general or the state treasurer. You can focus on the impacts of these recall options. Investing one dollar in certain ocean themes can yield at least five dollars in global benefits over the next 30 years, according to research commissioned by the High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy. Cities fix potholes, help organize summer fairs and festivals, and maintain local parks. To excited over those annexations; they require petitions from a majority of landowners within a target area just to get started. The amount of time spent on establishing, checking, amending, and defending the rules,. Under the Articles of Confederation, the federal government was quite weak relative to the states. In standing by precedent, a judge relies on the principle of ________. (2022, September 23). When laws are passed on the federal level, they often have to be disseminated down through the lower levels of government to be put into action. Do bureaucrats accomplish much? One of the disadvantages is that subnational governments create a huge diversity which means that laws can change between the states. This process saves time during an emergency situation because there are not multiple layers of bureaucracy to navigate so that resources can get to where they need to go. (Didn't get full credit). \underline{\textbf{Share information}}\\ Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Unitary governments can run into a lot of bloating. Get a custom answer prepared by a professional tutor for, Structure and Functions of the USA Federal Government, US State and Local Government: Duties Distribution. There are no overlapping districts, issues with gerrymandering, or political polarization because everything operates through the central system. Why? The term is important for the protection of democracy. Subnational governments are also an important fallback when the national government does not fully act on an issue. This is because they were appointed by Democratic President Barak Obama. You can understand the people's needs and they will be a priority. The advantages of special purpose districts can be that they encourage specialization and expertise, hopefully providing constituents with a better, more efficient level of service. The Constitution of the United States provides for a separation of powers to exist between state and federal governments. \end{array} & \text { Total } \\ 23. But on election day Bush ended up losing the popular vote by a small margin (although winning the electoral vote). When considering the disadvantages of having lower levels of government, you should think about how this arrangement makes things more complex. The pros and cons of a unitary government work to balance the needs of a nation with what a community requires for dialing living. On the other hand, a board of citizens with no particular expertise in one area or another may become dominated by the districts hired management, or fooled by consultants, as happened with some local governments and their investment portfolios in the 1990s and 2000s. The Founding Fathers did not want to supply one governing body with the absolute power to control all of the states. Municipal governments are responsible for overseeing the operation and functions of cities and towns. Local governments created to perform a particular task, such as providing water, sewer or fire service. Cities may provide police and fire protection, local transportation planning and improvement, and laws relating to the conduct of life within city limits. Log in here. In the northeastern U.S., counties may be divided into townships, establishing local governments which then have responsibility for a particular area within a county. See the link below for more about Term Limits: So the term 'limits' has more advantages than disadvantages. This is the level of government closest to citizens, and the one most likely to have an immediate impact on your life. Recent tests have revealed Steve has fatty liver, which concerns him. Instead of having multiple layers of bureaucracy to navigate, you have a clear set of expectations to follow. Lack of equity is a chief problem, too, when a country consists of patchwork of governments. However, SCOTUS is less powerful than the other branches with the implementation and enforcement of its rulings because the judicial branch relies on the legislative and executive branch to implement and enforce its rulings. Explain. Academic.Tips. Local governments can then focus on their micro-economy, create solutions for needs that occur in their community, and support the national government with their actions simultaneously. from Columbia College Chicago M.F.A. Explain. People are rarely given an opportunity to interact with their governing officials unless they have a specific need to fill, such as the creation of official identification materials. Suppose the following information is available for Callaway Golf Company for the years 2014 and 2013. In theory, with elected boards in charge, they are not immune to popular control. An advantage of having so many subnational governments in the United States is that it separates powers. Because it must suddenly become everything to everyone, the processes can get significantly bogged down. \text{Net sales}&\text{\$\hspace{1pt}1,117,204}&\text{\$\hspace{1pt}1,124,591}\\ Special purpose districtsLocal governments created to perform a particular task, such as providing water, sewer or fire service., as we noted earlier, are created to provide one kind of service. Under a ________ political culture, citizens will tend to be more tolerant of corruption from their political leaders and less likely to see politics as a noble profession in which all citizens should engage. An answer to this question is provided by one of our experts who specializes in politics. M.A. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? This is good to a certain extent; however, the legislator should make decisions that are ultimately in the constituency's best interest, even if the decision initially goes against the constituent's will. Defend your answer'. When the Founding Fathers were thinking about how to organize the United States, they were worried about setting up a country that could slide into the type of tyranny and despotism that they associated with King George III and England. That may provide some inconvenience at times, but it can also reduce the risk of an unknown violation of the law. Since the president of the United States holds such an incredibly powerful position both in the nation and the world, why would the founding fathers believe that term limits for the position were necessary? Log in here. "What are the advantages and disadvantages of having so many levels of subnational governments in the United States? Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. What services does it provide? Disparate state laws create inequality and oppression which affect the general country. The basic premise upon which the United States was founded is that the people rule the government. How do political parties influence policy making? Steve Q. is a 52-year-old male with a family history of alcoholism. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site It is likely to be more efficient to run services locally than manage them from the centre. To download a .zip file containing this book to use offline, simply click here. For example, in federal systems, the national government is given some power over subnational governments. Unitarian governments work to create a system of unity. Sub-national governments exist to help each state address its own needs. Advantages of Term Limits: Term limits have been shown to reduce monopoly of the legislative process, reduce fiscal irresponsibility, reduce crisis etc. Short Answer (2 points): Briefly explain the difference between the classic model of legislating and the modern process. \text{TO MONEY?} Campell's surge-and-decline theory suggests that midterm elections favor the opposition of the current president because the less interested voters who would normally vote in favor of the current president during the presidential elections stay home during the midterm elections. Already a member? C. enco The majority typically rules at the expense of the minority in this situation, only granting rights to people when it suits their best interests. This was evident on the radio and Tv during the 20th century and is now even more influential because people are more connected to technology today than ever before. Only Nebraska has a unicameral legislatureA legislature with only one chamber, as opposed to a two-chambered legislature, such as the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives in the U.S. Congress, or the House of Lords and House of Commons in the British Parliament., with one non-partisan chamber to do the states legislative business. Sub-national governments manage local affairs on behalf of national governments. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. (a) What was the companys earnings per share for each year? The role and function of subnational governments in modern governments. What are some of the similarities and differences between a parliamentary and presidential democracy? Instead of a local government, a unitary system will place a delegate, ambassador, or someone in a similar position to administer local resources. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages? Whether or not a president's political party controls congress can either be an opportunity or disadvantage. Special purpose districts may also manage fire service, utilities such as sewer, water and electricity, and everything from local parks to public hospitals and cemeteries. State governors, for instance, took on an oversized role in COVID-19 management when the Trump administration stood back, managing the crisis in ways that responded to their constituents' perceived needs. Sub-national governments are comprised of local and state governments. September 28, 2022. https://academic.tips/question/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-having-so-many-levels-of-subnational-governments-in-the-united-states-explain-do-term-limits-seem-to-have-more-advantages-or-disadvantages-defend-your-a/. You can browse or download additional books there. Further, federations have evolved so that their levels of government are interdependent, "making formal, legalistic definitions in terms of division of powers relatively useless," (Smith 1985, 13). 2. 6. Justices can serve for life, as long as they are mentally and physically capable. Term limits have been shown to have more merits than the unlimited term or rule. However, there can be disadvantages to having so many levels of sub-national government in the nation. Defend your answer. This disadvantage is the precise reason why the United States created a federated state instead. There are more than 3,000 counties in the United States, ranging from the 25 square miles of Arlington County, Virginia to the 330,000 square miles of the Unorganized Borough of Alaska. It is possible to have a unitary republic or monarchy while using this structure. Sometimes candidates unpopular with the party leadership reach the top. The most important credentials when filing judge and justice positions at the federal level are credentials, background, and ideology. b. So, if an area is zoned retail, a developer can put in a store. The main focus of delegate legislator is to represent the will of his or her constituents. Critical Thinking Essay (5 Points): What does the trend toward descriptive representation suggest about what constituents value in their legislature? Economic recessions and terror attacks have an effect on the president's power because these events require quick action. The founding fathers wanted Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this answer and thousands more. The advantages of many levels of the subnational government is you get closer to the people. Although it is possible for a unitary government to make decisions quickly, the structure can lack in the infrastructure it needs to implement the choices it makes. The Constitution is over 200 years old and certain powers may need to be modified as the country changes. It provides a smaller structure to the overall state of the nation, potentially reducing the tax burden on households without creating a reduction in the access to services that they require. Examples of this form of governing are currently found in Norway, Ireland, and Romania. Sometimes states and municipalities do not comply with these laws and the matters get tied up in the courts for years. Short Answer (2 points): What does Campbell's surge-and-decline theory suggest about the outcome of midterm elections? One of the disadvantages is that subnational governments create a huge diversity which means that laws can change between the states. A positive characteristic of the dual court system is that it allows more cases to be heard and more specificity within the cases. People can speak to the officials at their local office to voice their concerns about local matters. Although a unitary government can improve efficiencies because there is a lack of bureaucracy, the structure also makes it possible for individuals in the government to manipulate the system. In some states, large cities and counties have received whats called a limited home-rule charter, by which they have a little more authority to decide their own affairs. This freedom can also be interpreted as a disadvantage. Compare and contrast three different forms of governments. This separation also allows for the individual subnational governments to focus on specific problems that are more closely related and effecting a specific group of people. ________ dictate the terms and conditions state governments would have to meet in order to qualify for financial assistance in a specific policy area. The UK is technically a constitutional monarchy, but it functions as a unitary state because all political power is held by Parliament. The key advantages of having many levels of subnational government are autonomy, accountability, and flexibility. In 49 states, voters choose a two-chambered legislature, such as a house and a Senate. The amount of time spent on establishing, checking, amending, and defending the rules, regulations, laws, and policies of each level is tremendous. The disparate state laws can create inequality and oppression that can then impact the overall country. In some states, port districts are charged with encouraging economic development and managing sea and airports to encourage commerce and foster job creation. Do term limits seem to have more advantages or disadvantages?" The whole purpose of a correctly-structure unitary government is to create common ground. 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