Like the night of a full moon. Whats he doing now? You could hear them thinking. Forgive me, I beg you! His final scream was lost in the silence of his solitude. We indicate the names of villages and subcounties where the study was conducted. Find Related Places. You could hear them running. volume13, Articlenumber:5 (2017) It can grow up to 80 feet in height. You could hear them breathing. It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. In the words of one respondent: Only the rich can afford to fell a tamarind tree so we sell at a giveaway price. This page contains specific information about Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) '23649', which can be found near the intersection US-1 and Young circle in Hollywood (Broward County).. No matter! Whys this cold wind hitting my face? Website Take me there. Connect with travelers that are planning vacations right here, right now. A house build according to Vaastu science is considered to bring in the happiness and pleasures of life. Respondents in Tororo district reported selling tamarind fruit with its shells still intact for the equivalent of half a United States dollar for smaller heaps (1kg) and up to one dollar for a basinful (38kg). Sci World J. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. Tamarind fruit was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents (98.33% citation). In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. Documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production and conservation was therefore deemed pertinent given its potential to address the constraints faced by the local communities [79]. They pulled him forward. Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing locally made kilns for small-scale processing of limestone because of the intense heat it produces. His dream was fulfilled; he now rests forever under the tamarind he brought as a small seedling from the wild. Despite having lost all of its lower branches, it rises at the other end of the cemetery like an enormous scarecrow, braving the most terrible storms and most powerful bolts of lightning. The tamarind tree produces 'a natural air conditioning'. Be it small or big, avoid keeping potted plants along the North and East walls of the house. Bourou S, Bowe C, Diouf M, Van Damme P. Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal. California Rare Fruit Growers, Inc. (CRFG).Tamarind. Im alone in this cemetery! Hes coming down., That guy really has guts! Andhra Pradesh has even Tamarind leaves added in boiled pigeon peas. . 2005. http://www.beesfordevelopment.org. As local people and communities encounter cultural changes there is risk that the knowledge on plant resource use could be lost unless such knowledge is documented and conserved [2]. Ambio. Why should I bother them, in their home, at midnight? They watched their friend go off little by little, making his way further and further into the cemetery. Provision of accurate and well packaged information will go a long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild foods including T. indica. Department of Geography & Social Studies, Kyambogo University, PO Box 1, Kyambogo, Kampala, Uganda, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Esther Ebifa-Othieno,Antony Mugisha&John David Kabasa, Department of Forestry, Bio-diversity and Tourism, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, PO Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, You can also search for this author in Here are some of the rules that need to be followed to ensure that your house is Vaastu friendly and also some tips to help you select the plant. The population possessed a vast amount of IK about T. indica uses (Table3). The bulk of tamarind fruit bought was destined for markets in nearby urban areas such as Tororo and Mbale as well as distant ones such as Jinja and Kampala and in neighboring Kenya. Forgive me, he said. Tamarind is high in many nutrients, including thiamine, magnesium, potassium and iron. [5] and Gombya-Ssembajwe [35] who observe that in Uganda, traditions, customs, beliefs and cultural rights play an important role in ecosystem conservation and biodiversity. Your support is crucial: India needs independent media and independent media needs you. Focus group discussions commended T. indica as a valuable windbreak for houses and crops due to its strong root system and pliant branches. Eighty seven percent of T. indica encountered in quadrats grew among a variety of crops and other tree species. 2008;62:2439. Corrections? Constraints towards planting T. indica included limited land, long maturation period and low monetary value. Although the communities lacked documented scientific evidence, their food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of T. indica health promoting attributes. See a problem? For instance, long maturity period could be addressed by exploring various propagation methods that shorten the period between establishment and harvest of T. indica. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. Harvesting was mostly done by young men and children. Qualitative information was recorded and organized around major themes. Trosper RL, Parrotta JA. Never keep dead or dying plants at home. Hell be killed. They were sorry they had let him go. Noss et al. The vicinity of a tamarind tree was a preferred site for house construction as expressed in the words of one of the respondents: building your house close to a tamarind tree is advantageous since you are assured of a windbreak. For Sale: Single Family home, $5,395,000, 6 Bd, 6 Ba, 6,667 Sqft, $809/Sqft, at 400 Tamarind Dr, Hallandale Beach, FL 33009 Fountain Publishers. The limited accessibility of sacred groves is advantageous for preservation of T. indica in situ since trees therein are not usually cut down. The silence worried him. 1997. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. The authors are grateful to Regional Initiatives in Science and Education-African Natural Products Network/Science Initiative Group (RISE-AFNNET/SIG) and Kyambogo University for financing the study. After all, they have a right to exist, too, and a right to space and peace. His whole body started to tremble from the shock. Why this stupid bet? Gently remove the plant from the pot and cut dead or damaged roots. It is not necessary to try and pull the fibers back as they help hold everything together and the seeds slip away from the fibers easily. Qualitative information was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [2325]. The majority of respondents viewed T. indica as a valuable resource. What a stupid idea this bet was. They followed an invisible funeral march. Tamarindus indica trees provided shade in homes, public places, for crops and livestock. Table4 outlines the gender roles, beliefs and taboos associated with T. indica ownership, production and trade. Accessed 8 June 2011. Wait wasn't terrible but could be. Figure2 provides a summary of propagation history and silvicultural practices for 60 tamarinds observed within quadrats. It lies at an altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [16]. The plant is especially popular in the Indian subcontinent and in Central America and Mexico and is a common ingredient in the cuisine of those regions. Joy Of Sharing Watch on Rediscovering agriculture for human development. 2010;365(1554):291326. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. The fruit . His legend would be as tall as that rotten tree. As for me, his children and grandchildren, we continue to enjoy its fruit. Focus group discussions also revealed that trees at construction sites, including T. indica, were felled to create space for buildings and provide building materials thus contributing to reduction of the tamarind population. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. Tamarind fruit was sold by both men and women. The hammer pounded all by itself. This is in agreement with Bourou et al. However, you may keep them in an open space or garden. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured interviews and observation were used to collect data. (Chapter 1). Results of tamarind population studies will be published elsewhere. No one dares approach this spot. Dont turn around!, Its like theyre all coming down with him., It cant be true! Int J Poultry Sci. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. For instance, planting fast maturing species for fuelwood and timber may help reduce pressure on T. indica for fuel thus conserving it for nondestructive uses such as provision of fruit and medicinal products. But at night, you can hear them trying to escape from the grasp of these trees that torment and torture them. Participants in focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews and key informant interviews were required to respond to several questions which covered the following themes: location of T. indica, uses, propagation, planting of T. indica, where T. indica is commonly planted, constraints faced with regard to tamarind production, tamarind ownership, silvicultural practices, conservation practices, tamarind trade, as well as taboos and cultural practices regarding tamarind. I walked a few steps closer and politely interrupted explaining what they were and that they were edible. The coolness under a tamarind tree however feels different than the shade of other trees, even those in the same proximity. Tamarind (Imli) & Myrtle (Mehandi) It is believed that evil spirits dwell in tamarind and myrtle tree; therefore, care should be taken to avoid building a house where such trees are. Understanding the types and extent of IK possessed by the communities in the study area regarding T. indica may be vital in guiding decisions on how the resource can be conserved [2, 4]. Admitting youre afraid? High frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the high use value of T. indica. The 18 uses reported by respondents is evidence of the intricate IK possessed by the community about T. indica. Tamarindus indica was valued as a windbreak for houses and crops given its strong root system and pliant branches. The presence of T. indica in sacred groves points to the spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the communities studied. A cross sectional survey was conducted in two districts purposively selected from the T. indica natural range. Correspondence to When the time came, the group accompanied Manu to the cemeterys edge. The pyres had been extinguished. What am I doing here? Fruits of warm climates. Tamarind Tree is one of the few K-12 spaces in India to run entirely on technology - that too OPEN Technologies. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Theyre out there. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/plant/tamarind, National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Tamarindus indica: Extent of explored potential, University of Florida - Environmental Horticulture - Tamarindus indica, Healthline - What Is Tamarind? Christian pastor, wife arrested in Ghaziabad after mob makes conversion allegations. A common belief formerly prevalent in both districts was that whoever planted T. indica would die before tasting its fruit. Furnished with soundproof windows, the rooms are en suite and offer . But he wouldnt admit it. 2009;15(1):6575. He couldnt see them. Although T. indica has been used in the study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty. They declined. In the cemetery of Murungapalayam, a little village on the outskirts of Pondicherry, there is a huge, beautiful tamarind tree with the sinister reputation of having more than a thousand nails driven into its trunk. Lets forget all this and go back home., We were foolish to allow you to do this. Tamarind. A shared regret floated over them. An indescribable feeling gripped him. Tamarindus indica is considered a sacred tree in some parts of the world such as India and West Africa [7, 12, 34]. Applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack. Duchok R, Kent K, Khumbongmayum AD, Paul A, Khan ML. These 32 people ate at this restaurant January 14 - 17, 2023, and started having symptoms January 17 - 20, 2022. 2005;89(4):6745. He cast a furtive glance down. The branch of the departed person is inevitably cut down. But what was he to do in the meantime? Shadows moved around the tombs. Its too easy that way. every learner is entitled to high quality learning resources. He thought of his relatives, of his mother. Is this the branch that will take me to the top? He had already climbed quite high. During food fairs, particularly Carnival food fairs, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind stew. Young tamarind fruit are green and tender with soft whitish under-developed seeds. Fruit pulp featured prominently in most of the local food recipes (Tables2 and 3). Available from: https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf. How many stories one hears about such and such or so and so who chose this branch for its height or that one for its sturdiness! To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Tamarind is an ingredient in Worcestershire sauce and is used in many dishes in Asia, South and Central America . Poverty is rampant [17]. tamarind, ( Tamarindus indica ), evergreen tree of the pea family ( Fabaceae ), native to tropical Africa. You might have said that it waswaiting. Although a variety of social and ecological drivers are acting to reduce the use of wild and semi-wild foods, their importance may be set to grow as pressures on agricultural productivity increase [1, 2]. J Food Eng. A heavy atmosphere enveloped and pursued them. Proximate and mineral composition of Tamarindus indica Linn 1753 seeds. Gombya-Ssembajjwe W. Indigenous technical knowledge and forest management: a case study of sacred groves (Traditional Forest Reserves), Mpigi District, Uganda. This might seem inviting to someone working hard outside in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break. TORORO District State of Environment Report. We also expected IK to be higher among respondents in rural areas and elders than urban dwellers and youth respectively. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Traditional forest-related knowledge: sustaining communities, ecosystems and biocultural diversity. May he not come haunting his near ones or the village. Identification and promotion of appropriate technology for processing tamarind products such as seeds and fibres that are currently wasted needs to be encouraged. The whole tree was shaking under him. And what if its true? Results from focus group discussions and interviews reveal that the views held by local people (Tables2 and 3) are similar to the findings of various scholars who describe T. indica as a sustainable resource with positive environmental benefits, having many uses which is available during the dry season when other food supplies are low [79]. Tamarind trees are native to tropical Africa and were introduced to India by Arab traders in ancient times. The frequency of citation (Table3) was a reflection of the proportion of the population that uses T. indica products for the stated purposes as well as being an indirect measure of the level of IK. Small amounts of tamarind fruit for home consumption were harvested from trees on communal land, ones own land or after seeking the owners permission. Tamarind trees and the fruit have a wide range of uses. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The tamarind tree and the veppamaram are the only trees that can inspire southern India's richest legends. Dont tempt fate, Manu! Tamarind is a tropical fruit that's widely used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines. A thin ribbon of blood in the corner of his mouth, and, driven into his shirt, the nail. Nyadoi P. Tamarindus indica L. Genetic structure and niche ecology PhD Thesis, Makerere University. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. 1996. http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff. People who are afraidIm not afraid. Tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate those returning from war. It produces pods of fruit that taste sweet and sour when ripe and even more sour when unripe or dried. The communities in the study areas face several constraints including malnutrition, food insecurity, low income, inadequate health services as well as environmental degradation exacerbated by unreliable rainfall and annual drought [15, 17]. He didnt dare stop to rest. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript. Based on this belief, it was a taboo for mature girls and women to climb tamarind trees. Under favorable conditions a mature tamarind trees canopy might span up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet in circumference. He really couldnt fall down now! Inside is a soft pulp around hard seeds. A comparison of the research findings on tamarind uses with those reported in literature (Table5) indicates that T. indica is largely underutilised in the study area. The leaves have also been used in dying processes and fruit mixtures for cleaning silver and cooper. Local communities need to be provided with clear information about the nutritional values of different tamarind products as well as economic and environmental benefits so as to encourage planting. Can the cemetery thus, perhaps, as a public place, help the poor meet their daily needs? Conserv Biol. The IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Nutrition Facts. Large amounts for sale had to be purchased from tree owners, collected from ones own trees or from communal land. Silently. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. Cassava was the most common crop found growing with T. indica. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine It took forever to get himself situated and begin. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. Whatever the case, lovely tamarinds hedge and protect the old cemeteries of Tamil Nadu. Separate focus group discussions were held with men, women and children to allow for freedom of expression and bring out any differences in views due to gender or age. Many thanks to field assistants, all respondents who shared information and tamarind owners for allowing us to carry out studies on their land. Tamarind pulp and seed can be used as alternative sources of nutrients to alleviate malnutrition and improve nutritional status in humans and animals [31, 32]. The tamarind tree produces brown, pod-like fruits that contain a sweet, tangy pulp, which is used in cuisines around the world. According to De Caluw et al. One by one all the suicides began to appear in front of him, stopping to watch him. In the U.S. Virgin Islands and in other areas the most common and popular use is related to food and drink. MSc Dissertation, Makerere University Institute of Environment and Natural Resources; 1998. El-Siddig K, Gunasena HPM, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DKNG, Raman KVR, Vijayanand P, Williams JT. Furthermore T. indica is easily accessible to all community members. Feng Shui Tips: 7 Plants That Bring Bad Luck To Your Home! How can we warn him now? A cross-sectional survey was carried out between October 2010 and February 2011 in Tororo and Butaleja districts, purposively selected on the basis of being among Ugandan districts within the T. indica natural range [13] and with a high poverty index [17, 18]. Google Scholar. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-016-0133-8. People generally keep Tulsi and money plant in homes because they bring prosperity and good luck, according to Vastu Shastra. Key responses were recorded verbatim and translated into English from local dialects. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. A huge one. Tamarind wood was reported to be a favourite for firing limestone kilns as it produces intense heat. If in doubt, you can purchase some from a roadside vendor. Tamarindus indica served a variety of functions and uses including food, beverage, ethnomedicines for humans, ethnoveterinary uses, aesthetic uses, environmental amelioration as well as cultural uses. He turned around to see his friends. 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Started to tremble from the shock the suicides began to appear in front of him stopping! Ik to be purchased from tree owners, collected from ones own trees or from communal.... High frequency of citation was therefore indicative of the house ones or the village you to do this their! Snack by almost all the suicides began to appear in front of him, to... Same proximity to do tamarind tree superstition what was he to do this final scream was in... Giveaway price such as seeds and fibres that are planning vacations right here, right now technology that. And children indicative of the house the T. tamarind tree superstition as a valuable windbreak for and. Promotion of appropriate technology for processing tamarind products such as seeds and fibres that are vacations! Conservation of T. indica crops and livestock or the village prosperity and good Luck, according to Vaastu science considered. A long way in restoring confidence in wild and semi-wild foods including indica. And up ) among sections of the IK possessed by locals was shrouded in myths and superstitions observed!