Hone your math skills with our flashcards! All three initiatives were unsuccessful, however. He received a moderate education during his youth, as was typical during that era. South Carolina was the first to secede, on December 20, 1860, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and Texas. It is estimated that over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war, more than 250,000 died of wounds or disease and 200,000 were wounded. [76] Occasional raids into the North were designed to bring back money and supplies. Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. Branch colors were used for the color of chevronsblue for infantry, yellow for cavalry, and red for artillery. In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. The order was issued March 23, but as it was late in the war, only a few African American companies were raised in the Richmond area before the town was captured by the U.S. Army and placed back under U.S. The Confederate States Army, also called the Confederate Army or the Southern Army, was the military land force of the Confederate States of America (commonly referred to as the Confederacy) during the American Civil War (1861-1865), fighting against the United States forces to win the independence of the Southern states and uphold the These records contain both military and personal details and are useful for locating an ancestor in time and place and tracking his movements during the course of the Civil War. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. General Kershaw would later be buried in that same cemetery, which also maintains the graves of Civil War General John Bordenave Villepigue and his descendant, World War I Medal of Honor recipient John Canty Villepigue, in addition to World War I Medal of Honor recipient Richmond Hobson Hilton. [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. On February 28, shortly before Lincoln was sworn in as president, the Provisional Confederate Congress had authorized the organization of a large Provisional Army of the Confederate States (PACS). "[98] After acrimonious debate the Confederate Congress agreed in March 1865. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. In April 1862,[22] the Confederacy passed the first conscription law in either Confederate or Union history, the Conscription Act,[23] which made all able bodied white men between the ages of 18 and 35 liable for a three-year term of service in the Provisional Army. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. What was the nickname for Confederate soldiers. Stand Watie, along with a few Cherokee, sided with the Confederate army, in which he was made colonel and commanded a battalion of Cherokee. All U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 results for Franz Khler. a Question They called the Confederate soldiers the Rebels or "Rebs". Information available about a soldier includes his name, unit, and rank. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! This was the highest rate of desertion of any Confederate state. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? The CSA differed from many contemporaneous armies in that all officers under the rank of brigadier general were elected by the soldiers under their command. [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. "They shot them if they would not load the cannon, and we shot them if they did. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. [59], Because of the destruction of any central repository of records in Richmond in 1865 and the comparatively poor record-keeping of the time, there can be no definitive number that represents the strength of the Confederate States Army. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . Union nickname for Confederate soldiers because of their gray Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. [119][120] However, Confederate authorities feared retaliation, and consequently no black prisoner was ever put on trial and executed. Most of the men whose names appear in this index served with units from 15 different states or territories; others were soldiers raised directly by the Confederate government, generals and staff officers, and other enlisted men not associated with a regiment. most of the battlefields were located in Confederate states. Many of those remaining on the battlefield were still alive, but suffering terribly from their wounds and a lack of water. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw, also from Kershaw County, South Carolina, and informed him that he wished to help the wounded Union soldiers. At the beginning of the war, Albert Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. Your email address will not be published. In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . Gen. Fred C. Ainsworth, head of the Record and Pension Office of the War Department. In his 2010 book Major Problems in the Civil War, historian Michael Perman says that historians are of two minds on why millions of men seemed so eager to fight, suffer and die over four years: Some historians emphasize that Civil War soldiers were driven by political ideology, holding firm beliefs about the importance of liberty, Union, or state rights, or about the need to protect or to destroy slavery. Ten companies were organized into an infantry regiment, which theoretically had 1,000 men. on the Internet. This is a 15 volume print series that you can use in the Daniel Library. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. They promised to give us our freedom and money besides, but none of us believed them; we only fought because we had to." Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Compiled service records are files of cards that abstract original military records relating to an individual soldier. The Confederacy wanted to recruit Indians east of the Mississippi River in 1862, so they opened up a recruiting camp in Mobile, Alabama "at the foot of Stone Street". I've never heard of any other cause than slavery. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. African American soldiers who served in the United States Colored Troops were often singled out by the Confederates and suffered extra violence when captured by them. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. greyback - Dictionary Definition "Johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `greyback' derived from their grey Confederate uniforms" "As nouns the difference between confederate and greyback Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. [97] Gary Gallagher says, "When Lee publicly advocated arming slaves in early 1865, he did so as a desperate expedient that might prolong Southern military resistance. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. Other missionaries were funded and supported by the Episcopalians, Methodists, and Lutherans. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. In his 1997 book For Cause and Comrades, which examines the motivations of the American Civil War's soldiers, historian James M. McPherson contrasts the views of Confederate soldiers regarding slavery with those of the colonial American revolutionaries of the 18th century. Only seven men achieved the rank of (full) general;[74] the highest-ranking (earliest date of rank) was Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate States Army. Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. Soldiers from both the Union and Confederate armies watched as he performed his task, but no one fired a shot. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. [28] Challenges to the subsequent acts came before five state supreme courts; all five upheld them.[29]. 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