Ho Khang, ed, Marilyn Young. the Vietnam War). More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. The additional resources allowed the project's scope to expand to include unit of assignment information for all service branches. "UCDP/Prio Armed Conflict Database", Uppsala University, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRummel1997 (. Around 2 million civilians were killed in the territories of North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Of these, more than 13,000 were killed and 88,000 wounded, nearly a . For example, during the Seven Days Battles in the American Civil War (June 25 to July 1, 1862) there were 5,228 killed, 23,824 wounded and 7,007 missing or taken prisoner for a total of 36,059 casualties. Regarding killed in action the 1st Marine Division was the unit with the highest . On Nov. 23, 1968, The Philadelphia Tribune wrote of large . Many movements on the home front arose in the early 1970s to end the war, which sped the process of withdrawing troops along. Of the 7877 officer casualties, 7595 or 96.4% were white, 147 or 1.8% were black; 24 or . In 1976, the Vietnamese government organized Gathering Teams to find the remains of dead soldiers. [73][74], Historian Christian Appy states "search and destroy was the principal tactic; and the enemy body count was the primary measure of progress" in the US strategy of attrition. [25][30], 18.2 million gallons of Agent Orange, some of which was contaminated with Dioxin, was sprayed by the U.S. military over more than 10% of Southern Vietnam[31] as part of the U.S. herbicidal warfare program Operation Ranch Hand during the Vietnam War, from 1961 to 1971. The Vietnam War became a painful lesson for many - from Washington, D.C. to Smalltown America. Furthermore, the murder of children was not uncommon to prevent them from joining the armed forces in the future, making up around 15% of total deaths. Regarding killed in action the 2nd Infantry Division was the unit with the highest ratio with 7,094 KIA and 16,575 wounded. In just 30 minutes, they had 30 casualties. [3], A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,0001,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 196575. Ambassador to Vietnam David Shear. Data for this series of conflicts includes military personnel killed in the attacks on the USS Cole on October 12, 2000, the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and in Afghanistan and elsewhere since those dates. ", 1915 to 1917 infantry regiments grew from 959 to 3,720 men and 112 officers. Not until 1995 did Vietnam release its official estimate of war dead: as many as 2 million civilians on both sides and some 1.1 million North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. Many of the refugees failed to survive the passage, facing danger from pirates, over-crowded boats, and storms. The first two names listed on Panel 1, East Wall, at the apex are from July 8, 1959. [101], Agent Orange and similar chemical defoliants have also caused a considerable number of deaths and injuries over the years, including among the US Air Force crew that handled them. Vancouver's Rob McSorley is one of at least 134 Canadians killed in action fighting for U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. Cpl., Memphis, Tenn. By the height of the Vietnam War in the late 1960's, the U.S. Air Force had 1,900 medics conducting medical operations in Southeast Asia. The Australians committed more forces to the war in Vietnam than any other foreign contributor (except for the United States, that is). More than 8.7 million Americans served on active duty during the Vietnam period (Nov 1, 1955 to May 15, 1975). The majority of the remaining number of casualties were Vietnamese. Over 58,000 American lives were lost in the fighting. The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. An estimate by the Department of Defense after the war gave a figure of 1.2 million civilian casualties, including 195,000 deaths. The Coffelt Database available on this website is updated almost every night at 3 AM. The following year, in 1976, Vietnam was united as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. [62] According to the Vice Minister Nguyn B Hoan, in 2022, nearly 200,000 PAVN/VC were still MIA (whose bodies were have not been found), and 300,000 whose bodies have been found, but buried anonymously and never identified. [5], In 1995, the Vietnamese government released its estimate of war deaths for the more lengthy period of 195575. 232,000 military personnel were still missing as of 2017, a total of 1,081,000 dead and missing for the American War. In 1995 Vietnam released its official estimate of the number of people killed during the Vietnam War: as many as 2,000,000 civilians on both sides and some 1,100,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong fighters. [2], Arapaho tribe Cheyenne tribeLakota tribes, Vichy FranceItalian Social Republic 19431945Kingdom of Italy19421943, American units with the highest percentage of casualties per conflict, US units with most casualties per conflict, Union and Confederate numbers added together, The 215 casualty figure is disputed. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. One escapee died of wounds sustained during his rescue 15 days later. [36][37][41] All individuals killed in declared free-fire zones, combatants or not, were considered enemy killed in action by US forces . Updates? McNamara claimed this program would provide valuable training, skills and opportunity to America's poora promise that was never carried out. Chart and statistics of US death/wounded in war as well as amputation ratios in the Afghanistan war compared with other major operations. * The last U.S. infantry unit was pulled from the field on Aug. 11, 1972, so U.S. casualties dramatically declined. 1968 Tet Offensive - Hanoi failed in its most ambitious goal of producing a general uprising in the South, it suffered more than 45,267 (mainly Viet Cong) deaths but gained a propaganda, political and strategic victory. The United States has spent over $65 million since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing operations. WIA. (The estimates for 195564 are much higher than other estimates). Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. In 1980 Richard set out to determine the unit of assignment for each Army soldier who died in Vietnam. By 1969 more than 500,000 U.S. military personnel were stationed in Vietnam. The government of Vietnam says that 4 million of its citizens were exposed to Agent Orange, and as many as 3 million have suffered illnesses because of it; these figures include the children of people who were exposed. The Virtual Wall uses the Coffelt Database (CDB) for unit assignment information. 20% of black males were combat soldiers, sailors, airmen and marines. Civilian deaths were also caused by mortar and artillery, extensive aerial bombing and the use of firepower in military operations conducted in heavily populated areas. Australian special operations units would go out into the jungles of Vietnam for weeks at a time, often without saying a word to one another in order to maintain complete silence as they stalked the Northern troops through the jungles. Furthermore, domestic unrest and the financial cost of war made peaceand troop withdrawalsa necessity, not a choice. The overwhelming majority of the MIA are from northern Vietnam. Week of November 22. [104], Following the end of the war, many refugees fled Vietnam by boat and ship. Principal Wars in Which the US Participated . [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. He was not killed in action but murdered by another U.S. airman and later died of his wounds on 8 June, 1956. The first American soldier died in the Vietnam War was Richard B. Fitzgibbon, Jr., a U.S. Air Force Technical Sergeant. Researchers regard the former Oakland, California Army base as the largest Vietnam War military port in the world. Fighting continued on a lesser scale for some time afterwards and refugee numbers rose sharply due to the continued conflict, but the development of a strong trading market in the 80s helped the nation become more unified. The U.S. technically did not lose the Vietnam War, as they withdrew in 1973 to allow South Vietnam to fight their own battles. Seven massacres officially confirmed by the American side. He estimated that victims of democide (deliberate killing of civilians) included 214,000 by North Vietnam/VC and 98,000 by South Vietnam and its allies. exposed to enemy attack. Once a unit assignment has been determined, a link to the individual's memorial page is included in the appropriate Unit Index. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. succeed. US Army helicopters pour machine-gun fire into the tree line to cover the advance of ground troops. In 1980 Richard set out to determine the unit of assignment for each Army soldier who died in Vietnam. The U.S. military reported 58,220 American casualties. Those totals include only Vietnamese deaths, and do not include American and other allied military deaths which amounted to about 64,000. Nick Turse, in his 2013 book, Kill Anything that Moves, argues that a relentless drive toward higher body counts, a widespread use of free-fire zones, rules of engagement where civilians who ran from soldiers or helicopters could be viewed as VC, and a widespread disdain for Vietnamese civilians led to massive civilian casualties and endemic war crimes inflicted by U.S. 11,465 of those killed were younger than 20 years old. Vietnam Syndrome Overview & Analysis | What is Vietnam Syndrome? When reunification elections were set to start, South Vietnamese government officials refused to participate. [50][51] South Korean Marines reportedly perpetrated the H My massacre on 25 February 1968. Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972. 62. Harper Perennial; September 1991. [18], R. J. Rummel estimated that PAVN/VC forces killed around 164,000 civilians in democide between 1954 and 1975 in South Vietnam, from a range of between 106,000 and 227,000, plus another 50,000 killed in North Vietnam. 1975. Their estimates for conflict deaths in Vietnam are 164,923 from 195564 and 1,458,050 from 196575 for a total of 1,622,973. Combat Area Casualties Dataset. Against the background of the Cold War, the Vietnam War embroiled the United States, South Vietnam, and regional allies in a long and costly conflict against the regular forces of North Vietnam and the Communist Viet Cong guerillas. Answer (1 of 4): The Army lost the most which makes sense as they had the most number of soldiers serve in Vietnam. That can include disabled by injuries, disabled by psychological trauma, captured, deserted, or missing. The earliest casualty record contains a date of death of . The officially-reported numbers and categories below cover American Vietnam War deaths by age group, branch of service, service component, type of death, reason for death, race, religion, sex, state/protectorate and deaths by war year (including post . These alphabetical indexes are for your convenience but do not represent the order of names on the Wall. (L Company Ranger 75th Infantry Archives) At only 17 years old, B.C.'s . Democide is the murder of persons by or at the behest of governments. The question of who won the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate, and the answer depends on the definition of victory. A casualty is just a soldier who is no longer available for the immediate battle or campaign, the major consideration in combat. This includes US military officers and soldiers who died as a result of either a hostile or non-hostile occurrence, or who were missing in action or prisoners of war during the Vietnam War. "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. South Vietnam supplied a total of 942,000 troops. * From 1956-1964, 417Americans died in Vietnam. This led to increased racial tension in the military. All written content, illustrations, and photography are unique to this website (unless where indicated) and not for reuse/reproduction in any form. [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. * The 143 men subsequently declared dead between 1973 and 2002 are not included in these totals. Based on unit surveys, . The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Washington, D.C.. Major incidents. These numbers do not include civilian and ARVN military deaths result from the communist mass-internment, the refugee crisis and subsequent exodus of Vietnamese people after the Fall of Saigon. According to RJ Rummel, from 1964 to 1975, an estimated 1,500 people died during the forced relocations of 1,200,000 civilians, another 5,000 prisoners died from ill-treatment and about 30,000 suspected communists and fighters were executed. The Vietnam War was a long, deadly . The sum of those totals is 3,091,000 war deaths between 195575. Panama . Vietnam War: 1964-1973: 58,220: 153,303: 5,283: 1:2.6: 1:29.0 (0.03) Persian Gulf War: but not without Marine and U.S. Air Force casualties. The Vietnam War death toll is estimated to be around 3.8 million casualties in total. The US entered into war with Vietnam because they did not want the spread of Communism to occur in the democratic state of South Vietnam. In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. The important statistics and information to remember from this lesson are: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Operation Rolling Thunder History & Facts | What Was Operation Rolling Thunder? USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration [21] During the peak war years, another scholar Guenter Lewy attributed almost a third of civilian deaths to the VC. Unit: Nickname: KIA: Comment: 1st Cavalry Division: First . The database also estimates combat deaths in Cambodia for the years 196775 to total 259,000. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom.[105]. We searched NARA's Access to Archival Databases (AAD) and located the following databases pertaining to Vietnam War casualties: Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War database in the Richard Coffelt, Richard Arnold, and David Argabright Collection (COFF) Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the . An estimated two million civilians of all nationalities, including those of Cambodia and Laos, were killed in the fighting. Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Association between Agent Orange and birth defects: systematic review and meta-analysis", "The History, Toxicity and Adverse Human Health and Environmental Effects Related to the Use of Agent Orange", http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/course-materials/POLS6016_65225, Story of Tiger Force atrocities had to be told, "On War extra Vietnam's massacre survivors", Counter-Revolutionary Violence: Bloodbaths in Fact & Propaganda, "Anatomy of US and South Korean Massacres in the Vietnamese Year of the Monkey, 1968 | Japan Focus", "VIETNAM KILLINGS LAID TO KOREANS (Published 1970)", "The 'forgotten' My Lai: South Korea's Vietnam War massacres", "Citizens' court to investigate Vietnam War atrocities committed by South Korean troops", "Chuyn 4 CNG TC TM KIM, QUY TP HI CT LIT S T NAY N NM 2020 V NHNG NM TIP THEO, datafile.chinhsachquandoi.gov.vn/Qun%20l%20ch%20o/Chuyn%20%204.doc", "Lost Souls: The Search for Vietnam's 300,000 or More MIAs", 300.000 lit s cha xc nh danh tnh l ni trn tr ln, "North Vietnamese Army's 1972 Eastertide Offensive", i tng V Nguyn Gip vi cng tc hu cn qun i, "2021 NAME ADDITIONS AND STATUS CHANGES ON THE VIETNAM VETERANS MEMORIAL", "US Military Operations: Casualty Breakdown", "Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Vietnam (PMSEA) Report for CIVILIAN (Unaccounted For)", "Capture Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency Vietnam (PMSEA) Report for CIVILIAN (Accounted For Identified Since 1973)", "Vietnam-era unaccounted for statistical report", "Vietnam Prisoners of War Escapes and Attempts", http://www.dtic.mil/dpmo/vietnam/reports/pmsea_escapee.pdf, "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics", "Learning from America's Wars, Past and Present U.S. Battlefield Medicine Has Come a Long Way, from Antietam to Iraq", "African-Americans In Combat | History Detectives | PBS", "Vietnam War Bomb Explodes Killing Four Children", Vietnam: Report Details Unexploded Ordnance, "Vietnam War Bombs Still Killing People 40 Years Later", "U.S. in first effort to clean up Agent Orange in Vietnam", "U.S. starts its first Agent Orange cleanup in Vietnam", "After the Nightmare: The Population of Cambodia", "KOREA military army official statistics, AUG 28, 2005", "Australian servicemen listed as missing in action in Vietnam", https://books.google.com/books?id=qh5lffww-KsC&lpg=PA53&dq=the%20encyclopedia%20of%20the%20vietnam%20war%20page%2064&pg=PA176&output=embed, "POW Remembers McCain and Tapping Through Walls in Hanoi Prison", "New Zealand Rolls Of Honour By Conflict", "Overview of the war in Vietnam | VietnamWar.govt.nz, New Zealand and the Vietnam War", "America Wasn't the only Foreign Power in the Vietnam War", "Vietnam Reds to hold 17 From Taiwan as Spies", https://kienthuc.net.vn/quan-su/nhung-chuyen-gia-quan-su-lien-xo-trong-khang-chien-chong-my-1796800.html, Vietnamese Casualties During the American war, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vietnam_War_casualties&oldid=1142285241, includes an estimated 50,000/65,000/70,000 civilians killed by U.S/SVN bombing/shelling, includes 360,000/391,000/720,000 civilians, 25,000/50,000/75,000 killed in North Vietnam, 106,000/164,000/227,000 killed in South Vietnam. More than 58,000 American casualties of the Vietnam War are commemorated on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC. Both American/South Vietnamese forces and the Viet Cong can be held accountable for the number of civilian deaths, but the Viet Cong had a larger hand in overtaking villages and using more offensive military tactics to draw out the South Vietnamese forces. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. Unit Best Practice Resources Sample Unit LDP Orders Leadership Toolkits . The number of these "boat people" leaving Vietnam and arriving safely in another country totalled almost 800,000 between 1975 and 1995. Statistical Information about Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War, Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, Electronic Data Records Relating to Military Objectives and Activities During the Vietnam War, Electronic Records of Korean and Vietnam War Casualties, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files, Records on Military Personnel Who Died, Were Missing in Action or Prisoners of War as a Result of the Vietnam War, Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Files, Records of Deceased, Wounded, Ill, or Injured Army Personnel, Including Dependents and Civilian Employees, Records with Unit Information on Military Personnel Who Died During the Vietnam War. Chapter 17 index: "Communists provided further corroboration of the proximity of their casualty figures to American figures in a postwar disclosure of total losses from 1960 to 1975. Total. 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U.S. Air Force Technical Sergeant served on active duty during the Vietnam War are commemorated the. And missing for the more lengthy period of 195575 lesson you must be a Study.com.! And do not represent the order of names on the Vietnam Wall in Washington, DC Orders Toolkits!, so U.S. casualties dramatically declined since 1998 as part of unexploded ordnance clearing.... 1975 South Vietnam, Laos, and do not include American and other allied military deaths amounted! Scope to expand to include unit of assignment for each Army soldier who is no longer for... Wounded, nearly a War death toll is estimated to be around 3.8 million in... The immediate battle or campaign, the Philadelphia Tribune wrote of large 51 ] South Korean marines reportedly perpetrated H...